Ramses II’s Victory

The triumph of Ramses II over the Khita’s was most likely probably the best story of Egyptian scholarly chips away at war that had endure a huge number of years to pass on to us, the current age, the basic realities on how the hundreds of years past ages of Egyptians had respected their Pharaohs: as a pioneer, a warrior, a general, and a man-god. WAR The sonnet begins with the ruler of Khita, along with his colossal armed forces and chariots, laid in sit tight for a snare on the Egyptian Pharaoh. He had his militaries separate into two gatherings, the main started an unexpected assault on the Legion of Hormakhu, south of Kadesh, and effectively destroyed the Egyptian armed forces in that town who were not anticipating such an assault (Halshall, 1998). After being educated regarding the disaster that came to pass for his soldiers, Ramses II immediately prepared himself for war, wearing his weapons and protective layers, and dashing on his great ponies. However, soon he ended up in the center of the Hittite armed force; totally encompassed and alone, in a unimaginable fight between 2,500 chariots against one (Halshall, 1998). Due maybe to his unavoidable thrashing and articulate defenselessness, the Pharaoh-god called upon his perished father for help. Counting the numerous brilliant landmarks, sanctuaries, hallowed places, and conciliatory contributions he had made for the magnificence of the expired previous god/Pharaoh Ammon, his dad (Poem of Pentaur, 2003). What's more, observe! Ammon had heard his cry from the sanctuary of Hermonthis and had desired his darling child for help. With quality as the sun-god Ra, and arms as solid as a huge number of men, Ammon discovered elegance in Ramses II’s valor and grit, and took into account Ramses II to utilize Ammon’s god-quality in vanquishing the Hittites. What's more, when Ramses II, alone aside from his charioteer, Menna, at last attacked the 2,500 in number adversary, th e whole Khita armed force, along with their lord, were paralyzed, solidified with dread, unfit to use their blade and lance, for Ramses II battled with the soul of a divine being. Also, when the day had happened, Egypt’s Pharaoh had the option to kill every single armed force of the Khita. Nobody had the option to get away from alive, each and everybody was fell by the Pharaoh. Propagandistic Element The Battle of Kadesh, as composed by the antiquated Egyptian specialists during Ramses’ rule, was a writing made for propagandistic reason. Maybe the ruler’s point, other than for the citizens’ affirmation of their conviction of the Pharaoh as a divine being man, was likewise to utilize this as a mental instrument on different countries against arranging an attack against Egypt. These kinds of adventures of Egypt’s Pharaohs being engraved on the dividers of sanctuaries further enhance the impact of invulnerability and everlasting status of the leaders of Egypt, by making it as a landmark for all countries to see. Such is the situation in one of the dividers (Fig. 1. 1) where Egyptian chariotry is occupied with a fight between Hittite infantrymen, when in reality dependent on realities, it had been Hittites’ convention to do fight utilizing chariots (Battle of Kadesh, 2003). In this manner, utilizing governmental issues in stating control and acquiescence over the people, just as in fighting, leaders of old realms frequently depended on misrepresented writing on war-triumphs as a methods in accomplishing these. In the cutting edge history, we have seen comparable propagandistic strategies utilized by governments, generally with regards to its motivation in proclaiming war: Hitler’s Arian race philosophy, Marx’s and Lenin’s Russian Proletariat Revolution, the Atomic bombarding of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Vietnam War, Desert Storm, etc. Quite often, the aphorism that goes, the victors compose history, is suitable.

Research Challenges Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Challenges Report - Essay Example It presents the experience of utilizing the contextual analysis look into structure in two genuine privately-run companies, in which, one is our privately-owned company which is arriving at its (third) age with me. The report depicts the difficulties that are confronted and express the exercises learned in this understanding, the contextual investigations are dynamic and helpful parts of the examination, and that the member or people for the situation considers, impacts the exploration lead. It offers a basic audit and individual reflection with respect to whether and why the exploration approach applies to the exposition being referred to. All exploration structures, independent of where there being applied, have their benefits and negative marks. Subsequently, while picking an examination strategy/structure to be utilized in a given report, there are numerous variables that should be thought of. While undertaking an exposition, a few methodologies might be considered including assessment of research prerequisites and afterward building up an exploration plan. This was the methodology that went before the determination of the exploration approach, the contextual investigation strategy. For this situation, the paper theme was â€Å"What are the Key Considerations for Long Term Success in Large Family Businesses?† This exposition investigated the difficulties that privately-run companies involvement concerning continuation of the business for the ages that follow. This is on the grounds that, the quantity of relatives continues expanding and not all have a similar arrangement of required aptitudes and information for working in the privately-owned company or engaging in the privately-run company choices. The supposition that will be that, moves exist with respect to the eventual fate of privately-owned company except if certain cautious measures are taken. This is the reason for this examination, investigating and layout the key advances that would ensure the achievement in enormous privately-owned companies. The objective of this examination was to see how business roots and passionate connection

Oliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain free essay sample

Oliver Cromwell was conceived in 25 April 1599 of every a town in England called Huntington. He went to class at Huntington Grammar School at that point went to Sydney Sussex Collage at Cambridge. He examined law at Cambridge and afterward went to London and turned into the MP for Huntington in 1628 and MP for Cambridge in 1640. In 1630’s Oliver Cromwell became Puritan because of a strict emergency and began to turn into a Radical Puritan when he chose to speak to Cambridge, first in the Short parliament, at that point in the Long parliament. In Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was a solid pundit of King Charles the second and in 1642, when King Charles the second began the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell began to raise troops and joined the Parliamentary powers, battling against King Charles the second. It is in the English Civil War where Oliver Cromwell picks up his eminence and distinction. In the start of the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell turned into a mounted force authority. We will compose a custom exposition test on Oliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Despite the fact that he had no military experience, he had a decent information on ponies because of his experience of being an enormous landowner. Oliver Cromwell rose idea the positions actually rapidly initial a colonel in 1643, at that point in 1644, Oliver Cromwell became Lieutenant-General of the ? Eastern Association Army and in 1645 he became Lieutenant-General of the New Model Army. The motivation behind why Oliver Cromwell turned out to be such a decent mounted force administrator is on the grounds that he knew an all around taught armed force is significant in war. Oliver Cromwell previously saw that Prince Ruperts rangers were not very much trained and they don't mobilize after a charge, rather, Prince Rupert’s mounted force just interest their own objectives. In the principal significant fight in the English common war at the clash of Edgehill, Prince Rupert’s rangers didn't come back to the front line until 1 hour after the underlying charge at the Parliamentary powers wherein Prince Rupert’s mounted force ponies didn't have the solidarity to mount another charge against foe powers. Oliver Cromwell saw Prince Rupert’s mounted force strategy imperfections and ensured that his rangers didn't have similar defects. Oliver Cromwell prepared his mounted force to keep together after a charge so the rangers can charge over and over. Oliver Cromwell’s rangers was known as the Ironsides because of how they cut their direction however Royalist powers on the war zone. In February 1645, Parliament chose to make the New Model Army, which is a military brimming with proficient fastens with it’s president being General Thomas Fairfax. The Head of mounted force was Oliver Cromwell and The New Model Army had 22,000 men who all got legitimate military preparing and when the New Model Army went to fight, they were very much restrained. In The New Model Army, officials were advanced dependent on how great they were, not their legacy. This is the first run through a regular workers individual can turn into a military official. The primary fight that the New Model Army was a significant triumph for the Parliament’s powers as it was the defining moment of the English Civil War. The New Model Army first significant fight participated outside the town of Naseby in Northampton shire on 14 June 1645. The fight for Naseby was a finished calamity for King Charles the second. Ruler Charles the second total load of weapons and ammo was in the Royalist things train, which was caught by the Parliamentarian powers during the fight for Naseby. This is a significant reality as King Charles the second couldn't flexibly weapons or ammo to his military thus he was unable to raise another military sufficiently able to overcome the Parliamentarians armed force. In January 1647, King Charles the second fled to Scotland where the Scots deceived King Charles the second and gave him back to the Parliamentarians. Charles was detained in Hampton Court, however in November 1647 he got away and figured out how to raise another military and persuaded the Scots to support him. In any case, in August 1648, The New Model Army vanquished the Royalist armed force and the Scots. Oliver Cromwell and the vast majority of the New Model Army chose to oust some portion of parliament who needed to disband the New Model Army since they didn't get their compensation, that piece of the parliament accepted the New Model Army had an excessive amount of intensity and they didn't had any desire to execute King Charles the second. In 1649 King Charles the second was executed outside his Whitehall Palace. The Parliament passed a progression of new laws. The government, the House of Lords and the Anglican Church were abrogated and the land own by them was sold and the cash was us to pay the wages of the warriors. Individuals were did not fine anymore on the off chance that they didn't go to the neighborhood church yet they were as yet expected to go to some strict practice. In August 1649, Cromwell and 12,000 warriors showed up in Ireland to put down the defiance. During the following ten years of slaughter around 33% of the Scottish populace was murdered or kicked the bucket of starvation. All the more then a large portion of that were executed were Catholic and Oliver Cromwell and his 12,000 men murdered them. At the point when Oliver Cromwell returned to England, the parliament was still called yet it was Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army who were in charged. In December 1653 the New Model Army chose to make Oliver Cromwell as England new ruler. The military needed him to be above all else yet Oliver Cromwell cannot and rather took the title Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. Anyway Oliver Cromwell had as much force as the ruler had. At the point when the House of Commons restricted his strategies in 1655, he shut it down. Presently Oliver Cromwell is the lord of England in everything except name. Oliver Cromwell forced military standard on England. He isolated England into 11 locale with each to be controlled by a Major General who are only a legislative head of every region. The laws in each locale are for the most part extraordinary to one another. In certain regions bear-teasing, rooster battling, horse-hustling and wrestling were restricted. Wagering and betting were additionally illegal. Enormous quantities of beer houses were shut and fines were forced on individuals discovered swearing. In certain locale, the Major-Generals even shut down venue In 1655 Edward Sexby, John Wildman and Richard Overton were associated with building up a plot to oust the administration. They were found and had to escape for their lives. In 1658 Cromwell reported that he needed his child, Richard Cromwell, to supplant him as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. The English armed force was discontent with this choice as Richard didn't have any understanding. Oliver Cromwell kicked the bucket on third September 1658. His child became Lord Protector yet in May 1659, the officers constrained him to resign from government. Oliver Cromwell was a saint since he had a significant impact of demonstrating how significant the parliament was and how the ruler doesn't generally follow up for individuals benefit and once in a while follow up on their own egotistical needs and how their lives are like others. During the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell was viewed as a saint because of how he instructed the mounted force on the war zone and his strategies. Toward the finish of the English Civil War, some of Oliver Cromwell’s accomplishment was the manner by which he attempted to shape another Parliament and when that didn't work he utilized the military officials as the Government. Oliver Cromwell is additionally a lowlife due to what number of honest people he and his men slaughtered and as Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, Cromwell began to turn out to be increasingly merciless and begun to execute anybody in his manner. There is a typical saying, â€Å"Power debases, supreme influence defiles absolutely† This maxim is demonstrated as Oliver Cromwell become the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, he begins to degenerate and when he went to Scotland to put down the disobedience, he murdered numerous blameless people who most were Catholic since they were Catholics. At long last Oliver Cromwell can be consider both a saint and a miscreant because of how Cromwell was before the English Civil War began and after Oliver Cromwell turns into the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and after he slaughtered such a large number of Catholics, Oliver Cromwell could be consider as a scalawag and a Tyrant.

Common Dorm Costs for College Students

Normal Dorm Costs for College Students Living in the home lobbies during your time in school frequently implies you can keep away from the issue of paying rent each month, manage a proprietor, and spending plan for utilities. There are still, nonetheless, bunches of costs that accompany living in the residences. Remember that, as an understudy living in nearby lodging, there are in reality a ton of costs you have authority over. Without a doubt, you might be required to buy a dinner plan, yet you can buy the littlest one potential and save a few snacks in your space for when youre hungry. Also, on the off chance that you deal with your room during the year, you wont deal with startling indictments for cleaning or harm fixes when you look at. Ultimately, taking great consideration of yourself - e.g., discovering time to work out, getting enough rest, and eating admirably - can help dispose of unforeseen expenses on things like regular checkups or prescriptions. The following is an example spending plan for an understudy living nearby during their time in school. Your expenses might be higher or lower contingent upon where you live, your own decisions, and your way of life. Consider the financial plan underneath an example that you can change varying for your own individual circumstance. Moreover, some details in this example financial plan can be included or deducted varying. (Your wireless bill, for instance, might be a lot bigger - or littler - than recorded here, contingent upon your requirements just as your financial plan.) And a few things, similar to transportation, might be immeasurably unique relying upon how you get to grounds just as the distance away from home your school is. The pleasant thing about spending plans, regardless of whether youre living in a habitation corridor, is that they can be adjusted until they fit your own interesting needs. So if something isnt very working out, take a stab at moving things around until the numbers include in support of you. Regular Dorm Costs for College Students Food (snacks in room, pizza conveyance) $40/month Garments $20/month Individual things (cleanser, razors, antiperspirant, make-up, clothing cleanser) $15/month PDA $80/month Diversion (going to clubs, seeing motion pictures) $20/month Books $800-$1000/semester School supplies (paper for printer, hop drive, pens, printer cartridges) $65/semester Transportation (bicycle lock, transport pass, gas on the off chance that you have a vehicle) $250/semester Travel (trips home during breaks and occasions) $400/semester Solutions, over-the-counter drugs, medical aid pack $125/semester Different (PC fix, new bicycle tires) $150/semester

American Music at the Turn of the 20th Century Essay -- Art Music Hist

To comprehend whether a ‘American’ music developed out of conventions in the turn of the twentieth century, we have to concentrate on the term ‘American’ and what melodic sorts fall under that classification. For one, America, from a social perspective, is viewed as one colossal ‘melting pot’, an amalgamation of societies, ethnic conventions, convictions and styles of music. It is exceptionally hard to mark one class under the classification of American music, as a tremendous measure of styles, in authentic terms, have happened from a blend of styles, for example, Jazz and Country music. Impacts from an assortment of ethnic foundations gave the opportunity to the development and corporate greed of kinds and made them more standard. With the attention being on jazz and Country, it is clarified that these sorts originated from a variety of ethnic conventions framed from their origination districts. The possibility of music in America being assorte d can recognize classes as surely American and that to be sure an American music rose up out of conventions that entered the twentieth century. Ethnically, blacks can be credited as developing the Jazz customs from Blues roots and other sub-classifications, for example, jazz, however on a local front, in spite of New Orleans being the origin of Jazz, it wasn’t made well known and as I would like to think, American, until it spread into different urban communities, on account of White artists and writers. When investigating Jazz music, it is basic to investigate its underlying foundations in Blues Music. Gotten from the local customs of the south and ethnic conventions encompassing the slaving society of the 1800s, Blues music can be followed back to the Mississippi Delta estates and ventures that requested substantial difficult work for Blacks (Crawford, 2001b, 557). The blues enlivened jazz toward the finish of the nineteenth century and I... ...aditions, essentially from the south, made a melodic assorted variety and with that, an American music. Works Cited Candelaria, L. and Kingman, D., 2007. American Music: A Panorama, Third Concise Edition, California, Clark Baxter, Thomson-Schirmer Crawford, R., 2001a. America’s Musical Life: A History, New York, W. W. Norton and Company Inc. Crawford, R., 2001b. An Introduction to America’s Music, New York, W. W. Norton and Company Inc. Ferris, J., [1990] 2006. America’s Musical Landscape, Fifth Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill Malone, B. C., [1968] 2000. Down home Music USA: Revised, Texas, University of Texas Mauk, D. and Oakland, J., [1995] 2009, American Civilisation: An Introduction, Fifth Edition, New York, Routledge Taylor, F. J. 2005. â€Å"Black Music and Musicians in the Nineteenth Century† in The Western Journal of Black Studies, 29.3 (2005), 615-620

Will 529s Become Retirement Accounts

Financial Professional Content A bill introduced into Congress last week would have families scrambling to open 529 accountsï ¿ ½not necessarily for college, but instead for retirement! What exactly is this proposal, and what are its chances for becoming law? H.R. 4333, introduced by Rep. Lynn Jenkins (R-KS), has the usual wish-list items found in prior bills aimed at Code Section 529: adding computer technology to the list of qualified higher education expenses, and permitting up to four investment changes in a 529 account in a year. In addition, the proposed legislation would allow account owners to avoid taxes and 10% penalty by "undoing" a 529 distribution if the beneficiary quits school and receives a refund of tuition or other qualified higher education expenses. The account owner would have 60 days following receipt of the school refund to redeposit the 529 money. Many families would appreciate this "fix" to an unanticipated problem. But here's the real surprise in H.R. 4333: a provision permitting account owners to roll over up to $25,000 from a 529 plan to a Roth IRA. And it could go to a Roth IRA for either the account owner or the beneficiary! This should start the wheels turning in the mind of any good financial planner! A couple of strings are attached to the 529-to-Roth rollover. One is that the rollover amount is limited to contributions made at least five years prior to the transfer along with the earnings on those contributions. The other is that the 529 account owner must have opened the account at least ten years prior. But some strings are conspicuously missing, i.e. no income limits, and no requirements for earned income. While the presumed intention of the provisionï ¿ ½encouraging more Americans to save for college by reducing the "risk" of an overfunded 529 accountï ¿ ½is admirable, I foresee significant roadblocks to adoption beyond the usual Washington gridlock. No doubt some taxpayers, particularly those currently precluded from contributing to a Roth IRA by income limits and earned income requirements, will make contributions to a 529 plan with the intention of funding retirement and not college. If the negative tax revenue impact doesn't kill the bill's chances in Congress, the opportunity for such "abuse" probably will. The idea of 529-to-Roth portability is a terrific one. However, it would make more sense, and be a lot simpler, to allow a 529 account owner to transfer money from a 529 account when making the annual contribution to his or her Roth IRA (or to a Roth IRA for the beneficiary). The rollover contribution would be subject to all the current Roth IRA requirements that involve earned income, income limits, and contribution limits. I hope these concerns can be appropriately addressed and that the 529 portability concept survives. Financial Professional Content A bill introduced into Congress last week would have families scrambling to open 529 accountsï ¿ ½not necessarily for college, but instead for retirement! What exactly is this proposal, and what are its chances for becoming law? H.R. 4333, introduced by Rep. Lynn Jenkins (R-KS), has the usual wish-list items found in prior bills aimed at Code Section 529: adding computer technology to the list of qualified higher education expenses, and permitting up to four investment changes in a 529 account in a year. In addition, the proposed legislation would allow account owners to avoid taxes and 10% penalty by "undoing" a 529 distribution if the beneficiary quits school and receives a refund of tuition or other qualified higher education expenses. The account owner would have 60 days following receipt of the school refund to redeposit the 529 money. Many families would appreciate this "fix" to an unanticipated problem. But here's the real surprise in H.R. 4333: a provision permitting account owners to roll over up to $25,000 from a 529 plan to a Roth IRA. And it could go to a Roth IRA for either the account owner or the beneficiary! This should start the wheels turning in the mind of any good financial planner! A couple of strings are attached to the 529-to-Roth rollover. One is that the rollover amount is limited to contributions made at least five years prior to the transfer along with the earnings on those contributions. The other is that the 529 account owner must have opened the account at least ten years prior. But some strings are conspicuously missing, i.e. no income limits, and no requirements for earned income. While the presumed intention of the provisionï ¿ ½encouraging more Americans to save for college by reducing the "risk" of an overfunded 529 accountï ¿ ½is admirable, I foresee significant roadblocks to adoption beyond the usual Washington gridlock. No doubt some taxpayers, particularly those currently precluded from contributing to a Roth IRA by income limits and earned income requirements, will make contributions to a 529 plan with the intention of funding retirement and not college. If the negative tax revenue impact doesn't kill the bill's chances in Congress, the opportunity for such "abuse" probably will. The idea of 529-to-Roth portability is a terrific one. However, it would make more sense, and be a lot simpler, to allow a 529 account owner to transfer money from a 529 account when making the annual contribution to his or her Roth IRA (or to a Roth IRA for the beneficiary). The rollover contribution would be subject to all the current Roth IRA requirements that involve earned income, income limits, and contribution limits. I hope these concerns can be appropriately addressed and that the 529 portability concept survives.

The Most Popular Term Papers Writers

The Most Popular Term Papers Writers The Number One Question You Must Ask for Term Papers Writers Thus, be sure to specify what your assignment requirements concerning the formatting style are. An individual should finish a comprehensive outline for the paper to be able to create the practice of writing well-organized and logical. There are lots of citations formats that are used for formatting academic papers in addition to scholarly term papers. The key elements of a term paper title page Whether you're writing high school term papers or scholarly research papers, the elements have to be organized in the most appropriate manner for the term paper to work. The New Fuss About Term Papers Writers Good job positions need decent payment. When you're prepared to order an academic paper, it's time to choose which company that you need to employ. If you truly feel like hiring an ideal term paper writing service is essential, then before hiring one you should be aware of the reaso ns why you have to go for the ideal dissertation writing services. Ideally, after you get your term paper, you aren't going to devote a great deal of time researching. Make certain you give a concise overview of what's going to follow at the very start. Do not appear anymore because you're in the correct place. Unfortunately, store term papers are usually obtained from websites and may also be in the hands of several other clients. 10 Reasons to Use Custom Essay Writing Service You will get the maximum high quality custom paper that will certainly help you out when you require it. Our Custom Term Papers help includes round-the-clock customer service. A dependable research paper writing services provider should enable clients to acquire plagiarism free customized research papers online every one of the times. Being the finest UK essay writing services provider, we're confident you will be pleased with the paper we produce. Along with high-quality Custom Term Papers, you will receive the very best possible services offers at the lowest possible rates. Both software types will make sure that the entire custom papers offered to clients are quality and satisfactory. The Good, the Bad and Term Papers Writers A thorough and in depth research is the sole method to learn about all of the facts about the concerned topic and develop a meaningful and robust essay or crack that term paper successfully. The manner you may locate a dependable term paper writing service comes in a lot of forms. Our customized paper writing services is provided by a group of eligible, creative and skilled paper writers and researchers who are dedicated to student's success. Firstly, it's important to deal with the paper in such a manner it follows all the instructions to the dot and all the characteristics of the rubric are wholly covered within the paper. Term Papers Writers - What Is It? In the actual sense, the author ought to be able to consider extensively and write well. The writers ought to have the passion for writing and a remarkably significant amount of creativity. In addition, our writers are guaranteed to follow along with your instructions accurately. They can give you what you need. The Nuiances of Term Papers Writers Academic writing is getting a business in itself. Writers Writing nursing term papers have to adhere to a specific format. Work is performed under various Subjects each headed by means of a Referee. The New Fuss About Term Papers Writers The paper is usually supposed to be well-organized, posses the very best structure and offer the professor with the in depth analysis of the topic. 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The Term Papers Writers Cover Up Following that, you must carry out internet r esearches as a way to get the resources. The term papers are a type of information conveyed by the folks. In general, it's a lengthy procedure and degrades the standard of work. The entire selection procedure is extremely difficult to come through in the event you are not a particularly smart or talented individual. Up in Arms About Term Papers Writers? Furthermore, the writers should have experience and the skill to complete superior excellent research papers online. To begin with, our writers make sure that you incorporate an introduction that is usually written after a thorough research approach. Research writing and presentation are the fundamental tools a researcher can utilize to communicate the findings of their research, their significance and relevance along with how the research might have been conducted or the way that it can be replicated elsewhere. 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Jacques Maritain s Philosophy Of Nature Essay - 1837 Words

We live in a world where contemporary science has taken a powerful clench as the sole means of satisfying our hunger for knowledge of all things. But what exactly is science? To define something we most often have to state its boundaries, just like how you know the province of British Columbia by its borderlines. Furthermore, what happened to the philosophy of nature? What fundamental role does it play in our quest for knowledge? I will attempt to answer these questions by defining philosophy of nature and the contemporary sciences and how they relate to each other as detailed in Jacques Maritain’s Philosophy of Nature. To understand the philosophy of nature, we must define the three ways our mind abstracts or conceptualizes knowledge; Maritain calls it the three degrees of abstractive visualization. At the first degree we have â€Å"being as subject to change† (Maritain 13). The mind abstracts from singular sensible matter, matter that is changeable, and leaving behind certain aspects like its location, colour, and size to know what it is. For example, looking upon a tree, the mind leaves behind its whereabouts and wants to get at what it is – namely, treeness. At the second level of abstraction, the mind knows being as quantity or mathematical knowledge. This notion must use matter but it can be conceived without sensible matter (13). For example, you see a pizza and you can conceive of a circle with two cuts you will have four slices. Now, you can abstract thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Philosophy of the Impersonal5155 Words   |  21 PagesFor a Philosophy of the Impersonal 1. Never more than today is the notion of person the unavoidable reference for all discourses, be they philosophical, political, or juridical in nature, that assert the value of human life as such. Leaving aside differences in ideology as well as specifically staked-out theoretical positions, no one doubts the relevance of the category of person or challenges it as the unexamined and incontrovertible presupposition of every possible perspective. This tacit convergence

sociology in religion - 1257 Words

A Critical Analysis of Putnam, Robert D., and David E. Campbell. American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. New York: Simon Schuster, 2010. Print, pp 1-246 In a renowned examination to approach religion as a sociological study, respected scholars Robert D. Putnam and David E. Campbell trek through the social history of our nation over the past few decades and the affects that have consequently—or thankfully—been left on religious institutions. While the authors explore detailed cultural developments, America’s religiosity and diversity is examined through comprehensive surveys and empirical analysis. As Putnam and Campbell search to uncover the relationship between sociological developments and religious institutions, a†¦show more content†¦As society began to expand under this foundation, women became increasingly more respected and their presence was accepted into various social realms that previously were not inviting for women. On the list of newly acceptable places for women to thrive is the workplace, which is another affect of the rise of women in religion according to our authors. Putnam and Campbel l claim that these are interrelated because it was a social change that happened simultaneously, but the authors continue by giving little example to what sort of revolutionary changes happened to women inside of the churches. This brings the validity of their conclusion regarding cultural development and religion to question: did the authors uncover correlation, or are they over generalizing causation for the sake of the argument? Other experts have questioned the correlation as well, as Wallstreet journalist Wilfred McClay goes it say: â€Å"In matters of sexuality, they offer a surprisingly crude formulation that reflects the authors rather coercive brand of moderation: The polarization of the past five decades on sexual matters has come about because libertines and prudes have successively provoked one another. If only the sensible, nonextremist folks had beenShow MoreRelatedSociology and Religion1517 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Religion plays a major role in American society today. The stance that people take on their religion can affect the social and political choices that they make. Having a loving God view and relationship with him also takes place in these decisions being made. Researchers Unnever, Bartkowski and Cullen explore in their article, â€Å"God Imagery and Opposition to Abortion and Capital Punishment: A Partial Test of Religious Support for the Consistent Life Ethic†, as to whether having a closeRead MoreEssay Sociology and Religion1158 Words   |  5 PagesWe all have some experience with religion. Whether our parents are religious, our own religious views, or others who try and convert you to a religion, we have all come in contact with a religion. But what do sociology and religion have to do with each other? The answer to this question is that religion meets sociology in the affects that it has on an individual or society (Schaefer, Richard T, 2009, pg 323). What is a religion? A religion is defined by Richard Schaefer as a unified systemRead More Sociology and Religion Essay example1028 Words   |  5 Pages which cause anxiety and they continue to perform their means of production as a formed unit. The power elite’s fear of being overthrown by the poor of the world is fueled with sheer determination and consistency to stay on top. In the article â€Å"Sociology and Sexuality† women and women’s sexuality is stated to be oppressed with the poor of the people and is examined through human rights, religious desacralization, religious sacralization, women’s human rights and social conditioning. The concern forRead MoreEssay Webers Approach to Religion and Sociology1706 Words   |  7 PagesWebers Approach to Religion and Sociology Webers general approach to sociology is known as verstehen sociology; that human action is directed by meaning and that action can only be understood by appreciating the world-view of the social actor concerned. Since religion is an important component of the social actors world-view, religious beliefs can direct social actionRead MoreThe Relationship Connecting the Sociology of Religion and World-Building1035 Words   |  5 Pagesthe study of the sociology of religion. Berger is particularly interested in the social construction of religion as perpetuated by humankind and the dichotomies of the secular and the religious. As a component of social reality, religion, according to Peter Berger, is a â€Å"dialectical phenomenon† (3). Society is a dialectic phenomenon in that it is a human product, and nothing but a human product, that yet continuously acts back upon its producer. Society is a product of man. Religion emerges out ofRead MoreEmile Durkheim s Influence On Society850 Words   |  4 Pagesattending a rabbinical school at a young age but eventually decided not to continue on that path and instead became an agnostic. He eventually went on to become a philosophy teacher and is considered to have played a pivotal roll in the rise of sociology. Durkheim believed that society shaped every aspect of human thought and behavior. He promoted the importance of society and suggests that without it things like art, family, laws and morality could not exist. He insists that although we are allRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Robert Bellahs Civil Religion Essay example1088 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Civil Religion In America by Robert H. Bellah Robert N. Bellah Civil Religion In America was written in the winter of 1967 and is copyrighted by the Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences from the issue entitled religion in America. In his writings Bellah Explains the idea and workings of Civil Religion in the United States; this chapter was written for a Dà ¦dalus conference on American Religion in May 1966. It was reprinted with commentsRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The United Kingdom After The European Union Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesduring times when the economic status is fluctuating in the world? Therefore, this leads to my proposal: I suggest researchers conduct a study to see how people react to performance levels of the economy by turning to religion as their solution. Brief Literature Review People Seeking Religion During times when a country is economically growing, people are less likely to engage with religious affiliates or engage religious practices/traditions. Jochen Hirschile proposes that during economic growth, peopleRead MoreCritically Examine Sociological Views of Sects in Society Today (33marks)999 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Jehovah’s witnesses; the social background of sect members tends to be connected with the lower classes who may feel oppressed by the state. However, by the fact that Martin (1978) says that the term secularisation should be banned from the sociology terminology means that Sects, and other outside movements, clearly don’t have that big an effect on society, showing a critical judgement on Troeltsch, who describes sects to have many followers within the lower classes. However if this was the caseRead MoreMarx, Weber and Religion2182 Words   |  9 PagesReligion, as defined by the High Court of Australia, is ‘a complex of beliefs and practices which point to a set of values and an understanding of the meaning of existence’ (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2005) and can be studied either substantively or functionally (Berger 1974:126). Substantive studies of religion fall predominantly in the realm of theology and are more concerned with defining religious beliefs; their historical accuracy; and the existence of supernatural entities (Holmes, Hughes

The Concept of Personal Identity - 707 Words

Personal Identity in philosophy refers to a person’s self-perception, ones belief about who they are and how they differ form others. Locke and Hume both share their ideas about Personal identity and although they might both drastically differ they are still both puzzling. Locke’s theory on personal identity has to do with what make a person the same person over time, and to Locke remaining the same person doesn’t necessarily mean remaining the same physically. â€Å"For, since consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makes every one to be what he calls self, and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things, in this alone consists personal identity†(53). He believes that personal identity and consciousness go hand in hand, he thinks personal identity is conceived through ones awareness of current thoughts and actions. You are who you are because of your thoughts and memories. Locke believes that the only accommodation that should be encountered in order for a person to still have their identity is the awareness of past experiences. They must be able to remember there past experiences in order for them to preserve their identity. Locke discusses the possibility of two forms having the same cons ciousness. He claims that these two forms, because they have the same memories, experiences, and consciousness must be the same person. Locke’s is trying to tell us that a person can indeed inhabit two different men. An objection to Locke’s viewShow MoreRelatedThe Concept Of A Personal Identity1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of a personal identity develops as we grow. In this way, our identity shifts and changes because as we grow, we change. This evolution brings up the question of what makes up our personal identity. Is our identity qualitative in the sense that if we look the same as we did yesterday, we are the same? That theory has some overt problems in that twins, for example, may look identical, but they are not in fact the same person. Personal identity can be considered numerical in that we areRead MoreThe Concept Of Personal Identity1183 Words   |  5 PagesIdentity is very complex, everyone has a different definition and a different idea of what identity is. When one talks about personal identity they are usually talking about how they identify themselves and how they feel as a person. Madan Sarup (1996) talks about identity by using the example of a passport. A passpo rt may include a photograph of the person as well as other details including nationality, a persons full name and date-of-birth. While a passport is a form of identity it does not expressRead MoreJohn Locke s Argument For Personal Identity Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this essay is to define what Personal Identity is by analyzing John Locke’s argument for Personal Identity. John Locke’s argument for Personal Identity will be examined, in order to establish a better understanding of whether or not the argument for personal identity could be embraced. In order to do so, the essay will i) State and explain Locke’s argument that we are not substances or mere souls and ii) State and explain Locke’s concept of personal identity and its relations to what he callsRead MoreThe Importance Of The Personal Development For Citizenship Education1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of the Personal Development Purpose to Citizenship Education I believe there is an immense responsibility on a Social Studies teacher to develop good and responsible students who value their identity and citizenship. The Alberta Social Studies curriculum emphasizes that, â€Å"the dynamic relationship between citizenship and identity forms the basis for skills and learning outcomes in the program of studies† (Alberta Education 2005, p. 3). How a teacher chooses to explore the relationshipRead MoreThe Heroin Diaries by Nikki Sixx854 Words   |  3 Pagesmust incorporate certain concepts in order to better understand his condition. In this essay I will explore concepts such as empathy, self responsibility and personal identity as identified in Identity and Agency: Conceptual Lessons for the Psychiatric Ethics of Patient Care as well as the concepts of detached and affective blame brought forth by Hannah Pickard in Responsibility Without Blame: Philosophical Reflections on Clinical Practice. Through exploration of these concepts I will show how they applyRead MoreThe Philosophical Question Of Personal Identity1683 Words   |  7 PagesPHIL 2300: Beginning Philosophy 07 December 2015 Who am I, and How Do I know Myself? How the Philosophers Explain this Question of Personal Identity The philosophical question of personal identity is double faced. In this essay I am going to explain those two aspects, which are: first, what unifies my mental events at any given time, in other words what makes my mental events all mine, and secondly, what unifies the mental events over time, in other words, what makes me the same person as yesterdayRead MoreSelf Identity By Anthony Giddens1653 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant concepts created by Anthony Giddens. The author bases his ideas of self-identification upon influence of the modern world and changes created by the process of globalization (Giddens, 1991). The main argument is strong. However the study seeks some further explanations of the role of identity in the social life of individuals. This essay will investigate issue of self-identity in the modern world according to Antony Giddens’s ideas. Firstly, it will be considered how the concept of self-identityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Rich s Diving Into The Wreck 1258 Words   |  6 Pageshearing stories about a wrecked ship, decided to dive down to the fabled ship alone to see it for themselves and found it. However, reading between the lines, one may also feel that the poem is more than just an adventure for the narrator, but rather a personal journey as well. At the beginning of the poem, the narrator describes hearing about the wreck and preparing to visit it alone, descending the ladder and entering the water below. However, the narrator seems to feel apprehensive and a bit fearfulRead MorePersonal Identity - Memory Theory vs Body Theory vs Soul Theory1634 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Identity REFERENCE: Perry, Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality. . Thesis . Identity refers to â€Å"a relation that everything has to itself and to no other thing†, and our perception of personal identity is the knowledge that we are ourselves, and who we have been – basically, that I am the same person I was last week, last year, etc. Leibniz’s Law states that if one thing (A) is identical to another (B) at one given point in time, they share the exact same properties, makingRead MoreSocial Constructionism, Identity and the Concept of Deviance Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Constructionism, Identity and the Concept of Deviance Social constructionist use the term social construction to imply that our understanding of the world in which we live is constructed from the social interactions we have on a daily basis. In reference to identity, social constructionist theory (SCT) proposes that we as social beings actively construct our identities using social tools as the means in which to construct our identities, the foremost one being language. This particular

The Great Debate Essentialism Vs. Dominance - 1138 Words

Beep, Beep look out there’s a woman on the road. Often time’s women are stereotyped as a bad driver. In the article â€Å"The Great Debate: Essentialism vs. Dominance,† Courtney Stoker argues that there is a difference in communication between men and women through two theories. The Essentialism theory is the thought that men and women communicate differently due to their natural instincts as the Dominance theory imposes that the difference in communication is due to men’s perceived dominance (Stoker 676). As Stoker compares these theories she makes it clear that neither had substantial evidence in explaining the differences of gender communication. As Stoker stated, â€Å"But once again, I do not feel as if there is enough evidence to consciously declare one theory correct† (679). Stoker suggests the two main theories about why men and women communicate differently are flawed. Stoker is correct that these two theories do not explain every differenc e of men and women as they demonstrate behaviors in driving that do not specifically fall into these theories. First of all men and women drive differently because they show different amounts of aggression. Aggressive drivers are best known for putting someone else in danger or harm’s way while driving. This type of behavior is found more in men than women while driving. For example, â€Å"When it comes to aggressive driving, however, the majority (54 percent) of drivers cite men as the most likely culprits of aggressive driving. ComparedShow MoreRelatedExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pages------------------------------------------------- Essentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible

The blue zones free essay sample

The Blue Zones The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer From the People Who’ve Lived the Longest by Dan Buettner talks about the author’s research in different places who have people who live into very long years of their life in a few areas of the world who claim to have the highest number of the oldest people. Blue Zone is a concept used to identify a demographic and/or geographic area of the world where people live measurably longer lives, as Dan Buettner describes in his book. The concept had its work done by Gianni Pes and Michel Poulain, who identified Sardinias Nuoro province as the region with the highest concentration of male centenarians. As the two men closed in on the group of villages with the highest longevity, they drew concentric blue circles on the map and began referring to the area inside the circle as the Blue Zone. We will write a custom essay sample on The blue zones or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Buettner identifies longevity spots in Okinawa (Japan); Sardinia (Italy); Nicoya (Costa Rica); Icaria (Greece); and among the Seventh Day Adventists in Loma Linda, California, and talks about how and what they do, based on data and first hand observations, as to why these populations live healthier and longer lives. Examples of communities with centenarians that we read about include the Barbagia region of Sardinia, Okinawa, and Loma Linda, California. A long healthy life isn’t something that just happens or is definitely not some accident. It starts off with good genes, but it also depends on good habits you do for yourself. If you decide to live the right lifestyle, experts say, chances are you may live up to about ten years longer. That’s a great deal longer to live. So what’s the key for long successful life? National Geographic Explorer Dan Buettner had lead teams of researchers across the world to find out the secrets of Blue Zones, geographic regions where lots of centenarians are enjoying very long and happy lives. The three of the five regions identified and talked about by Buettner in the book Blue Zones: Sardinia, Italy (specifically Nuoro province and Ogliastra): one team of demographers found an area of longevity in mountain villages where men reach the age of 100 years at an amazing rate. It is so fascinating to read about people who at the age of 75 years old are climbing mountains and doing all of this physical activity with no problem. The Sardinians have a very strong value in family which makes them all take care of one another. Because of their strong family values they  tend to suffer from less depression, stress, and suicide. They all are also big on humor, which also reduces stress and can lower and risk for cardiovascular disease. As far as their diet they like to consume goat’s milk, which has ingredients that can help protect against various diseases of aging. They also drink a glass or two of red wine daily. This is shown to help lower the levels of stress. In The islands of Okinawa, Japan: another team took a look at a group that is part of the longest-lived people on Earth. Okinawans like to keep strong social connections with one another. One way of doing this is by gathering of a moai. They maintain good social groups where they know that there are people out there for them when needed; to provide support and lots of stress relief. When it comes to their diet they stick to a mainly plant- bas ed diet and eat many foods that are high in soy, such as tofu and miso soup. This offers some nutritional benefits as well as protecting the heart and can aid in fighting against breast cancer. They are also very big on physical activity by gardening and spending time outside, not only for the exercise but to also get some vitamin D to help promote stronger bones and healthier bodies. In Loma Linda, California: researchers studied a group of Seventh-day Adventists who were ranked among North Americas longevity. Just as the other two groups they are very big on regular exercise. Even just a walk or two a day is only what it takes. As for their diets they also watch what they eat. They also focus on more plants in their diet. They only eat meat in moderation and not all the time. They also like to spend time with others and try to focus on others by helping them. This helps them keep away from stress on themselves to help focus themselves on others rather than themselves. In the Blue Zones, people thrive in places where walking is the main or preferred way of transportation. In addition, the most important characteristics of centenarians include a daily routine of exercise, food gathering, living with or in a close distance of family, and have a definitive purpose in life. People tend to have important membership ties to a family, church organization, or both. A number of centenarians nap each day as part of their routine. The centenarians have lower levels of stress in their lives which can be due to the hard work which helps them burn off whatever stress they may get throughout the day or week. The Blue Zones has  profound implications for future generations of people. In addition, the book gives important health tips that could not only lower the cost of health care throughout the world, but also making our lives longer lasting by simply eating better, finding a productive purpose in life, and exercising as a part of the daily routine.

Does poor communication cause conflict Essay Example For Students

Does poor communication cause conflict? Essay Consider for example, an e-mail asking for some information yesterday to stress how important this request is. The sender thinks e-mails are great as they travel at the speed of light and spell things out in black white. The recipient may consider that if its in a e-mail then it cant be that urgent because servers can loose, misdirect or delay an e-mails transmission. They may also consider that as the information was wanted yesterday its already too late to be effectively utilised. Both parties saw the same communiquÃÆ' ©, neither read the same message. Each will blame the other for failing to communicate properly and conflict may result. E-mail flame wars are a high tech twist on whispering campaigns. And like the system of claims loyalties in a feudal states the smallest e-mail spat can spiral out of control with careless use of the C.C. and B.C.C functions. Drucker 1977says that there are four fundamentals of communication: communication is perception of the recipient not the utterance of the instigator communication is expectation in that recipients will heed only what they are expecting to hear communication makes demands of the recipient that they become someone, do or believe something communication and information are different and largely opposite yet interdependent Employees need to know a number of things such as what is expected of them, how they are performing and how can they advance. If these are not communicated, on a regular basis, then role or expectation conflict will develop and motivation decline as the employee is berated for failing to meet the goals their superiors assigned them. But if this is all the communication they receive they may begin to feel like machines. According to Pearson Thomas there are three levels of communication that employees need, these being: Must know discussed above. Should know which includes significant staff changes and company/market developments. Then could know which although having no operational impact makes life more interesting. Office gossip is only a could know but probably the communication that really binds a company together. Barring security, legal and share price sensitive data everyone should be able to find out anything. Those who cant access what they need or interests them will resent it. The corporate magazine is often viewed from the shop floor as a self agrandment vehicle containing company propaganda and staff often resent the money that goes into its publication. Higher management consider it a morale boosting tool. Contentious issues are never covered or answered with the ambiguity of a politician. Real information about a company will appear in the financial press and be reflected in the companies share price. Towsend likens reading the house magazine to going down in warm maple syrup and recommends using the money saved to go into employee share plans. Having seen the conflict and drain in resources that poor communication entails what can a company do about it. Typically communications problems result in one of three things being  tried either policies, re-organisation or team building exercises. All of which attempt to create new paths for communication to follow Dawson-Sheperd and White 1994 cite a report produced by the Institute of Directors which suggested that of those companies with employee communications policies, 65.1% credited them with improving productivity, 68.1% with fewer industrial disputes and 80.3% with improvements in loyalty. When reorganising companies have to decide between two types of departmental organisation. One of grouping the same function together. The other of mixing the functions according to what information they need to function. Are, say, actuaries in a financial services company pooled centrally or located out with the departments they support. Do the high level mangers share a single office floor so that they are accessible to each other or sit where they can practice management by walking about on a daily basis be accessible by the staff they manage . Each choice will determine the kind and content of communication that occurs. .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 , .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .postImageUrl , .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 , .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23:hover , .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23:visited , .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23:active { border:0!important; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23:active , .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23 .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8e56c28e031ffdb4e4bfb62fe066c23:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mattel - Auditors Liablity EssayGrouping by function will create cliques based on profession. Between cliques there will be ignorance of each others modus operandi and working pressures which creates interdepartmental friction as each can only see their set of priories. Not grouping by function means that levels of specialist knowledge will take longer to increase and cause dissatisfaction in professionals and knowledge workers. Team building works on the principle of put them through hell and they will end up working together. For many employees they are already doing this five days a week and its not working. Then the teams, for these events, are always constructed wrongly either all managers who will be seen to be out on a jolly or all members of the same department. Team building should be used to create unofficial links between departments to contrast compliment the designed communication flow built in to the company structure. People do not like being kept in the dark or working for a despot. Decrees without adequate explanations will be resented even if they make perfect sense. The salesmans formula of feature that produces this result which then gives you this benefit needs to be used to manage the expectation perception of the recipients. However in trying to talk shop a manager may misdirect staff as they read a greater meaning into his casual comments. Better communication will allow employees and departments to take or contribute information on what may appear at first to be an unrelated subject which when viewed with their specialist knowledge does in fact encroach on a different functional area. This will lower conflict where one party feels that their domain is being encroached upon without any consultation Even the most perfect communication systems will not remove conflict. Indeed it may initially increase conflict as bad news finds a way to filter upwards without the massaging and censoring that intervening layers of management apply. Employees armed with facts or copies of company procedures may come as a shock to those operating  sharp management practices. According to Kreitner, Kinicki Buelens 54% of managers use information as a tool in office politics and thats just those who play by the conventions and dont engage in politicking. Total information and understanding, if it could ever be achieved, will not eliminate conflict. Each employee is pursuing their own goals and conflict will not arise for only as long as theirs and corporate goals align. Departments are in competition for resources and brownie points with higher management. Employees desire increased remuneration, more interesting work and the company only has so much of each to share out. To remove conflict from a company it would have to employ mangers who were all yes-men. These would have either no original opinions or be sufficiently unprofessional as to let even the most flawed decision or idea be implemented. This kind of organisation will hardly survive and the best it could ever achieve is stagnation. Conflicts and differences of opinion always exist in a healthy, virile organisation, for it is usually from such differences that new and better objectives and methods emerge. Differences are essential to progress, but bitter, unresolved differences can immobilise an organisation Likert 1961 Conflict is a requirement of growth. A company without conflict will be suffering from group think and quite simply there are not that many industrial/management/marketing geniuses to comprise and make a successful company operating in this mode. Tom Peters talks about Skunks people who have all the facts but are not afraid to challenge things if they can see a different and better way of doing things. However this requires a corporate climate where disagreement is not seen as disloyalty. Western science is full of examples where one person has discovered something new differing from the accepted mass communications of wisdom of mostly the church and literally changed the world. But always there has been conflict in the transition. .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d , .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .postImageUrl , .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d , .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d:hover , .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d:visited , .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d:active { border:0!important; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d:active , .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u216f8beefd3e7428abd8a04369fca84d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hobson's Choice - EssayAlthough conflict can be attributed to poor communication it is rarely the largest cause of conflict in a company. Conflict is here to stay and embodied in Gordon Geckos infamous quote in Wall Street greed is good. It would not be an exaggeration to say that western society is shaped by conflict. Take our legal system for example; it uses an adversarial approach and no one can doubt the communication skills of the top barristers. If your people fight you openly when they think your wrong thats healthy. If people fight each other openly in your presence for what they believe in thats healthy. But keep all the conflict eyeball to eyeball Towsend,R Orders flow down a company hierarchy. Communication of the understanding of such flows upwards. Crosswise people share information on getting things done often in contravention of policies Employees need direction, information and entertainment accurately and truthfully delivered by both the formal and informal company chains of communication.

Topics For About Me Essay - A Brief Review

Topics For About Me Essay - A Brief ReviewYou have two very different topics for about me essays. The first one deals with how much someone will get out of you if you become a dating partner.You also have the option to find out how much you might gain if you become involved in a relationship. You could ask this question, 'If I become a dating partner with your friend, will my friendship improve?' or 'If I become an exclusive date with your brother, would your family love me more?' By exploring these topics, you can help answer the question of how much can you earn by becoming involved in your life.In either of these questions, you will need to know some general point about yourself. To answer these questions effectively, you must be honest about what you like and dislike. You can do this by figuring out what your ideal situation would be.Then, you can take that information and use it to develop each of the topics. Here is a sample of how I would develop each of the topics. Take some time to consider the information and determine how it applies to you.The first topic I would use to address myself as a dating partner would be 'I am a dating partner with a great personality.' This could be seen as your focus. You could work on this topic by saying that you find yourself attracted to other people who have similar personalities. You could also say that you find it exciting to have the freedom to choose how you want to live your life. Finally, you could offer this insight about yourself by telling people that you will not settle for less.For my second topic, I would give my friends a more positive view of my personality by telling them that I want to have them as my friends and family. In addition, Iwould say that I want to make sure that I am surrounded by people who are interested in the same things that I am. This means that I will find a companion who will be able to compliment my interests, and whom I would be able to appreciate, even if he or she does not share the same values that I do.Finally, I would propose a subject about me as an exclusive date. The idea here is that you can make the process a bit easier by searching for people who share your same interests and circumstances. After all, you can ask for their help in making certain arrangements, from flying to hotels to making reservations at restaurants.By considering all of the ideas and points listed above, you will now have a handful of interesting topics to consider. Once you have used all of the above, try to get into conversation with others about each topic. What you end up learning can help you prepare for the very important topics for about me essay.

Women And The History Of Computers Essay Papers Example For Students

Women And The History Of Computers Essay Papers The earliest existence of a modern day computers ancestor was the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to programming rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed. The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascals father who was a tax collector. We will write a custom essay on Women And The History Of Computers Papers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the early 1800s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1,000 50-digit numbers. Built into his machine were operations that included everything a modern computer would need. It was programmed by, and stored data on, cards with holes punched in them, appropriately called punch cards. But his inventions became failures because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for such a device. By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so well established and reliable that Howard Hathaway Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts. Aikens machine, called the Harvard Mark I, handled 23-digit numbers and could perform all four arithmetic operations. The Mark I was controlled from pre-punched paper tape. The outbreak of World War II produced a desperate need for computing capability, especially for the military. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchley, and their associates at the University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC, for Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator. It could multiply two numbers at the rate of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was thus about 1,000 times fast er than the previous generation of computers. ENIAC used 18,000 standard vacuum tubes, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space, and used about 180,000 watts of electricity. It used punched-card input and output. The ENIAC was very difficult to program because one had to re-wire it to perform whatever task he wanted the computer to do. It was efficient in handling the particular programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is generally accepted as the first successful high-speed electronic digital computer and was used in many applications from 1946 to 1955. The first wave of modern programmed electronic computers appeared in 1947. This group included computers using random access memory (RAM), which is a memory designed to give almost constant access to any particular piece of information. These machines had punched card or punched-tape input and output devices and RAMs of 1000-word capacity. The first generation of stored program computers required considerable maintenance. Typically, they were programmed directly in machine language, although by the mid-1950s progress had been made in several aspects of advanced programming. This group of machines included EDVAC and UNIVAC, the first commercially available computers. Early in the 1950s two important engineering discoveries changed the electronic computer field. The first computers were made with vacuum tubes, but by the late 1950s computers were being made out of transistors, which were smaller, less expensive, more reliable, and more efficient. In 1959, Robert Noyce, a physicist at the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, invented the integrated circuit, a tiny chip of silicon that contained an entire electronic circuit. Gone was the bulky, unreliable, but fast machine; now computers began to become more compact, more reliable and have more capacity. Memory storage capacities increased 800% in commercially available machines by the early 1960s and speeds increased by an equally large margin. In the 1960s efforts to design and develop the fastest possible computers with the greatest capacity reached a turning point with the completion of the LARC machine for Livermore Radiation Laboratories by the Sperry-Rand Corporation, and the Stretch computer by IBM. The LARC had a core memory of 98,000 words and multiplied in 10 microseconds. Stretch was provided with several ranks of memory having slower access for the ranks of greater capacity, the fastest access time being less than 1 microseconds and the total capacity in the vicinity of 100 million words. .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .postImageUrl , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:hover , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:visited , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:active { border:0!important; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:active , .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24edcc2b5a2850483b8cab9f49d1cabb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Expansion EssayDuring this time the major computer manufacturers began to offer a range of computer capabilities, as well as various computer-related equipment. These included input means such as consoles and card feeders; output means such as page printers, cathode-ray-tube displays, and graphing devices; and optional magnetic tape and magnetic-disk file storage. The trend during the 1970s was, to some extent, away from extremely powerful, centralized computational centers and toward a broader range of applications for less-costly computer systems. Most continuous-process manufacturing, such as petroleum defining and electrical-power distribution systems, began u sing computers of relatively modest capability for controlling and regulating their activities. In the 1960s the programming of applications problems was an obstacle to the self-sufficiency of moderate-sized on-site computer installations, but great advances in applications programming languages removed these obstacles. Applications languages became available for controlling a great range of manufacturing processes, for computer operation of machine tools, and for many other tasks. In 1971 Marcian E. Hoff, Jr., an engineer at the Intel Corporation, invented the microprocessor and another stage in the development of the computer began. A new revolution in computer hardware was now well under way, involving miniaturization of computer-logic circuitry and of component manufacture by what are called large-scale integration techniques. In the 1950s it was realized that scaling down the size of electronic digital computer circuits and parts would increase speed and efficiency and improve performance. The size-reduction trend continued with the introduction of personal computers, which are programmable machines small enough and inexpensive enough to be purchased and used by individuals. One of the first of such machines was introduced in January 1975. Popular Electronics magazine provided plans that would allow any electronics wizard to build his own small, programmable computer for about $380. The computer was called the Altair 8800. Its programming involved pushing buttons and flipping switches on the front of the box. It didnt include a monitor or keyboard, and its applications were very limited. Even though, many ord ers came in for it and several famous owners of computer and software manufacturing companies got their start in computing through the Altair. For example, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, founders of Apple Computer, built a much cheaper, yet more productive version of the Altair and turned their hobby into a business. IBM had been the computer industry standard for well over a half-century. They held their position as the standard when they introduced their first personal computer, the IBM Model 60 in 1975. However, the newly formed Apple Computer Company was releasing its own personal computer, the Apple II (The Apple I was the first computer designed by Jobs and Wozniak in Wozniaks garage, which was not produced on a wide scale). Software was needed to run the computers as well. Microsoft developed a Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) for the IBM computer while Apple developed its own software system. Because Microsoft had now set the software standard for IBMs, every software manufacturer had to make their software compatible with Microsofts. This would lead to huge profits for Microsoft. Since the end of World War II, the computer industry has grown from a standing start into one of the biggest and most profitable industries in the United States. It now comprises thousands of companies, making eve rything from multi-million dollar high-speed supercomputers to printout paper and floppy disks. It employs millions of people and generates tens of billions of dollars in sales each year. Surely, the computer has impacted every aspect of peoples lives. It has affected the way people work and play. It has made everyones life easier by doing difficult work for people. The computer truly is one of the most incredible inventions in history.

Kashmir Conflict Essay Example

Kashmir Conflict Essay Example Kashmir Conflict Essay Kashmir Conflict Essay Kashmir conflict: The issue of territory is one factor that has lead to conflict between India and Pakistan. It is one of the most intractable and long standing conflicts in the world. The problem of Kashmir arose because maharaja hari singh was unable to makeup his mind to which dominion the state of Kashmir should accede to or whether to accede at all. On one level their nuclear weapons are used as a symbol of international power and prestige, but their introspective viewpoint on Kashmir has required no international intervention.Being locked out of the nuclear club by signing the CTBT would, in Indias view, have locked it into second-grade status. Alternatively, for all the enduring tension between India and Pakistan, the real target of Indias nuclear angst maybe more discrete, in which, may pose more of a threat to its National Security than Pakistan ever will. Some senior Indian leaders, including Defence Minister George Fernandes, have even identified China as the number one st rategic threat to India.Up until two years ago when it signed onto the CTBT, China was running the most vigorous and extensive nuclear weapons development program of any nation state in the world . Indias nuclear tests are a wake-up call to the world, and particularly to the nuclear weapons states. Indias tests got the worlds attention. The country that was really woken up by these tests was Pakistan. These tests have refueled the conflict between Pakistan and India. The two countries have fought three wars, two of them over the disputed region of Kashmir.The region is small, but nestled in the foothills of the Himalayas, its strategic importance and beauty make it a prized possession. Great Britain carved the Muslim state of Pakistan out of Indian territory. This is the primary source of there conflict. When the English did this they had to force some of the Hindus out of the Muslum Pakistan and likewise for Muslums in India. THE NUCLEAR CONFRONTATION INTRODUCTION The testing of nu clear devices, conducted by India and Pakistan in May of this year, and the obvious and ubsequent nuclear deliverance capabilities that these nations clearly now possess, have only heightened tensions within South Asia and the international community. But the retaliatory stratagems that the Indians and Pakistanis have been engaging in for the past fifty years and most importantly the recent nuclear tests, can only be attributed to the convergent and divergent National Interests of these nation states, ultimately bringing South Asia to the brink of a nuclear arms race.Although the nuclear issue is integral in the geo-strategic struggle, the princely state of Kashmir has intensified the crisis since the insurgence of Muslims in 1947. History: When British India was given its independence , India was supposed to be divided into two countries. i. e India and Pakistan. all areas which have more than 70% Muslims were suppose to go Pakistan. the rest would be India. However the princely st ates would be left to decide on their own . they could join India or Pakistan or remain independent.But the local Kashmiris who did not want to be part of India started causing riots and agitations in Kashmir. As a result ,the maharaja of Kashmir joined India and requested the assistance of the Indian army . the Indian army arrived immediately the some day , and Pakistan attacked the next day. The maharaja of Kashmir had no right to call in the Indian army, because the maharaja of Kashmir was not a heredity ruler. He was merely a British appointee. There had been no such position as the maharaja of Kashmir prior to British rule.Finally the agreement was made that any areas more then 70% Muslims would go to Pakistan Kashmir has more than 90% Muslims and therefore clearly should have been part of Pakistan. Threats: Government officials and political leaders from India have made numerous bellicose threats, while both Indian and Pakistani troops have exchanged artillery, mortar and smal l arms of fire along the Line of Control in Kashmir the Himalayan region that was at the center of two of the three Indo-Pak wars.The point to remember about Pakistan is that its economy is on the verge of bankruptcy and its society is in the grip of deep social divisions, expanding sectarian violence, widespread corruption (permeating most governmental and non-governmental organisations) and notable human rights violations, as well as extensive lack of law and order and political stability

Financial Crisis of 2008 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Crisis of 2008 - Research Paper Example Effects of economic recession or financial crisis are usually witnessed in employment, industrial production and in real estate income (Magdoff and Bellamy 41). The technical economic indicator associated with recession is economic growth which is negative which in quarters is two consecutive when measured by a nation’s GDP (Gross Domestic product). The 2008 financial crisis affected all financial institutions in the world. The financial crisis endangered the total collapse of financial bodies, the reduction in stock markets all over the world, world government tried to apply bailouts to financial institutions but still it had little effect. In certain areas such as housing was badly affected in that it led to foreclosures, evictions and unemployment among many people. In addition, the financial crisis was responsible for the collapse or failure of major business, decrease in consumer wealth and recession in economic activities all over the world resulting to the 2008 financia l crisis and leading to European debt problems or crisis. The financial crisis in the US was sparked by the housing bubble that influenced the values of securities in US associated with housing prices to destruction of financial bodies in the world. Further, the 2008 financial crisis was activated by intricate interplay of government laws that motivated home ownership offering them cheap interests on house loans. In October 2008, questions emerged regarding the issue of bank solvency, downturn in availability of credit to citizens and the destroyed investors confidence which had a negative influence on the world stock markets especially in the US and Europe where securities experienced massive losses in 2008. During this time, global trade decreased as availability of credit tightened. The US government reacted to this phenomenon with fiscal stimulus packages for financial institutions, monetary laws expansion, and bailouts (Magdoff and Bellamy 72). The US financial crisis left many shocked because it severely affected their lives. The crisis ended in late 2008 and the beginning of 2009 in the US when the congress enacted the recovery and reinvestment Act of 2009. After viewing the two movies, â€Å"Too Big to Fail’ and the â€Å"Margin Call† it is clear that the US financial crisis began in the housing industry specifically in the mortgage market known as subprime, which spread to prime mortgage, and other types of debts that mortgage firms in the US faced. The movie â€Å"Too Big to Fail† clearly shows the real events that took place in that the US banks and other financial institutions counted losses as high as third of the total financial or bank capital. The films shows that the crisis caused to sharp decrease in bank lending that resulted in severe downturn in the economy of the United States of America. Between August 2008 and October 2008, the subprime borrowers in the US have affected the availability of credit and decreased the repayment of loans. Subprime loans are risky because they are likely to suffer from default than loans offered to prime borrowers. Therefore, if a borrower makes timely repayment of his or her loan, the lender may claim the control of the property. In August 2008, the value of subprime mortgage borrowers stood at over $ 1 trillion with the total of over $ 7 million outstanding mortgage balance. This eventually led to the increase in lending of loans to subprime borrowers with the perception that the prices of houses will continue to increase with time. Further, this act was aided by the increase of non-bank autonomous mortgages, which regardless of their smaller share in the market contributed a lot to the housing indus

Health and human services capstones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health and human services capstones - Essay Example ype of contracting does not comply with the market principles, in practice, however it is based on long term associations between the government and the contracting agency. The question to privatize health and human services arises when the government is required to deliver more with less money because of the falling revenues and rising costs. The government, by employing privatization programs, is able to increase its revenue, reduce costs and better utilize the private capital for health and human services and facilities. The government is still responsible for the provision and the quality of HHS, though the contracting party is actually providing the services. This type of privatization is attained through an Invitation to Bid (ITB) or a RFP process (Request for Proposal). In the RFP process, the concerned government agency takes proposals from all qualified businesses entailing the cost and the methodology of providing human and health services to the people. The decision is made on the basis of the quality and efficiency of the services being provided most economically rather than considering the cost of the service alone. On the other hand, an invitation to bid refers to the method taking the standard sealed competitive bids in which the government usually accepts the lowest bid for the desired job. Contracts can be classified in to various forms such as the unit price contracts, fixed price contracts and cost plan contracts. It is imperative that the contractor is held accountable for the quality and efficiency of the service, as per standards, by the government and the desired performance of providing such services should be clearly

What Are Some Obstacles You May Face as a Teacher Essay Example for Free

What Are Some Obstacles You May Face as a Teacher Essay What are some obstacles you may face as a teacher, and according to the context in this unit, how can you overcome these? Throughout their careers, teachers face many obstacles in their classroom that may hinder their teaching. These obstacles come in many different shapes and sizes. It is the effective and successful teacher who is able to overcome these obstacles while maintaining a happy, positive and joyful attitude. A teacher must remember that it is not the information they possess along with various skills that affects teaching, rather it the ability to overcome challenges in a positive manner that impacts on learning. Some of the many obstacles a teacher may face are; engaging unmotivated children in the classroom, promoting positive conditioning and reinforcement and accommodating those with development disabilities (Symonds, 1941). Keeping students motivated in the classroom and out is an obstacle many teachers will face. Unmotivated students tend to have negative attitudes, a general dislike for school, give up easily on set tasks and are the major cause of classroom disruption (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). These factors lead to students having a negative impact on other students in the classroom, thus making teaching difficult for the teacher. In order for the teacher to motivate these students, different theories of motivation such as behaviourist and humanistic must be implemented. These theories focus on motivating students through rewards and encourage them to reach their total potential not only as students but also as human beings (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). Although many critics believe that rewards send the wrong message to students about learning, many teachers use them as forms of motivation in the classroom. Rewards such as computer time, free time, praise and candy incite children to continue performing well. Also compassionate and caring teachers who care about their students both as human beings and pupils contribute to their motivation (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). When teachers show that they are concerned for their pupils, make time to talk to them individually, ask them about their problems and maintain high expectations in them, they are indirectly encouraging students to keep up their efforts and inciting them to do even better. Educators who display unconditional positive regard in their students, which, as defined by Eggen Kauchak (2010, p. 88) is, â€Å"the belief that someone is innately worthy regardless of their behaviour,† contribute to the personal growth of students as students accept their mistakes as part of their make-up and are encouraged to rise above them by challenging themselves to tackle academically stimulating assignments and activities and completing set tasks because they want to and not because they have to (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). Once the obstacle of engaging unmotivated students has been overcome, motivation levels need to be kept at a high at all times regardless of students performance. This can be achieved through positive reinforcement . â€Å"Positive reinforcement is the process of increasing the frequency or duration of a behaviour as a result of presenting a reinforcer† (Eggen Kauchak). In classrooms, teachers need to use positive reinforcers rather than show negative behaviour to encourage students to do better next time, repeat their good actions and increase positive behaviour. For example, Students are disappointed and miserable after performing poorly on a test. The teacher instead of telling the students off and pointing out all their mistakes, should give positive feedback to the students by telling them how well they performed in certain areas and where they improved. The teacher should then gently point out to the students the areas they had difficulty in without criticizing them and encourage them to partake in a class discussion on how they can improve in these areas. Then the teacher should present an incentive such as bonus points, stickers or a most improved certificate for those students who perform better on the next test. By using this approach, the teacher is giving both positive and negative feedback on performance and at the same time reinforcing students with a rewards incentive encouraging them to try their hardest next time. This type of reinforcement coupled with positive feedback tends to be the most effective (Jones, 2007). Another way teachers can offer positive reinforcement is by implementing the Premack principle. The Premack principle, named after David Premack is â€Å"the principle stating that a more-desired activity can serve as a reinforcer for a less-desired activity† (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 69). Teachers often implement this strategy in their class sessions by offering them incentives to finish a certain task. In addition to the above positive reinforcement strategies, positive reinforcement also occurs through a teachers behaviour (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). When students are engaged in a lesson and indicate through their actions that they are involved in the lesson, then they are called on by the teacher to give their opinion on the topic as it is evident that they are fully aware of what is being discussed. Teachers who are able to implement positive reinforcement in their classrooms will ultimately get more out of their students than those who implement negative reinforcement . Another major obstacle teachers may face in the classroom is accommodating those students with development disabilities . Every individual being develops at a different rate and this is not any different for students. Students, regardless of being the same age or in the same year level tend to develop at different rates to each other. A common form of disability that is found in many classrooms today is intellectual disability . According to Fuchs, 2006; Nokelainen Flint, 2002, as cited in Eggen Kauchak (2010, p. 142), â€Å"intellectual disability is either caused by genetic factors, such as down syndrome, or brain damage to the fetus during pregnancy†. In order for teachers to be able to accommodate students with this disability they need to be aware of the characteristics of it as some of these characteristics tend to affect learning directly. These characteristics include but are not limited to; weak motor skills, underdeveloped interpersonal skills, poor memory, weak reading and language skills and little knowledge of the outside world (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). The theory relating to teachers overcoming the obstacle of having intellectually disabled students in their class is to include these students in the mainstream sessions conducted where instruction is modified to meet the needs of these students and help their social development (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). Case study shows and proves that students with intellectual disabilities want to participate in the same activities, be given the same reading material, handed out the same homework, issued the same judging criteria and be able to join in the same activities as their classmates. The same study showed that the peers of those with intellectual disabilities agreed with this as every child should be given a fair chance (Klingner Vaughn, 1999). Also, in order to ensure ease for teachers teaching those with intellectual disability and to ensure those students that have development disabilities receive the education they re entitled to, the federal government has set requirements that educators who teach students with disabilities must guarantee a free and suitable public education, instruct children in the least constricting setting, protect against bias in testing, include parents in developing each child’s learning program and develop an individually tailored education program of education for each student (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 133). Teachers who adhere to these guidelines and take heed of the advice given and implement the findings of the case study will find that teaching those with development disabilities will no longer remain an obstacle. Rather it will become an educative and joyful experience . In conclusion there are many obstacles that a teacher will face in their teaching career. Their success will not be determined through avoidance of these obstacles but rather it will be determined through overcoming these obstacles in the most positive manner they can. Teachers who are able to develop motivation, promote positive conditioning and reinforcement and accommodate those with learning disabilities while keeping students successfully engaged and absorbed have indeed overcome some of the most difficult hurdles faced in their teaching career.