Motivation Concepts Analysis Essay

Individuals are motivated by many factors that drive them to the need to fulfill their goals, expectations and desires. In the workplace, I have witnessed, including evaluating my own driven behaviors that acquire a driven mental philosophy, we strive to meet not only our own expectations, but also the expectation of our peers or the outside world. This way of  thinking can lead to a very competitive working environment either to an agreeable or disagreeable environment. Emelander (2009) states that motivation within the workplace will rely on four distinctive motives, such as the drive to acquire and achieve expectations, drive to bond and be involved in like minded and/or desirable social groups, drive to learn and comprehend opportunities and challenges and the drive to defend yourself and that these â€Å"four drive theory is balance between and among drives so they can compliment and regulate each other†. For this reason, I chose Sigmund Freud’s theory of Drive. I chose the theory as I have seen many depictions of driven behaviors. As we have the need to eat, breath, sleep and etc.†¦ we live throughout life needing to progress, succeed, to rise above our expectations and desires. According to Sigmund Freud’s drive theory, the theory describes the motivation elements of driven behavior as â€Å"that all behavior was motivated and that the purpose of behavior was to serve the satisfaction of need,† along with drive mounting â€Å"as a sort of emergency warning system that action needed to be taken† (Reeve, 2009,). In this paper I will discuss how Sigmund Freud’s theory of drive would be applicable or not applicable applied in different working environments on the basis of experience. Applicable I provide consultation with a healthcare organization in the Northwest and there are circumstances that lead to stressful and not so successful moments due to individual’s motives, intent and reasons of which drives them to either comply or not comply for the needs of the business. There is much hype within the organization to bond to specific social groups reflecting your importance inside the company, yet, I have witnessed that their peers drive individuals as they share similar interest, behaviors, principles and other aspects of life. Our surroundings in the work place drive the need to feel a part of something, the feeling that your attributes are important and dependent on for success. Emelander (2009) says that the â€Å"drive to bond leads to interactions of healthy support among work teams, if supported with team-based rewards and professional goals† and â€Å"while the drive to bond is directed towards persons, the drive to learn relates mostly to work activi ties.† The bonding effect is not so promising within the workplace;  therefore, there is unbalance and hostility. The need to acquire status, acknowledgment, power and status is very high in this workplace. Individuals spend an extensive time competition with one another and by creating and relinquishing this disturbing behavior in the workplace, there are numerous occasions where business decisions are not allocated, there is a break in communication and the effectiveness of completion of projects are undesirable. Status is displayed as an importance by the car you drive, the home you live in, the bigger the office and freedom that comes from working hard specifically to weep the benefits by gaining a bigger check. Therefore, this leaves other being drawn to desire that lifestyle an image and work harder and adapting to motives to climb the ladder no matter the backs you step on. Hence, to receive that drive which also includes â€Å"physical objects and wealth, relating to gathering the necessities for survival and social relationships, concerning the acquisitions of status, accomplishments a nd power† (Emelander, 2009). While, they struggle with the wrong side of drive in some cases, they do implement opportunities to learn and create some type of bonding relationships. The organizations is rapidly growing and their perspective is: to utilize the staff they have, provide them training, education opportunities and promotion opportunities based on their knowledge or aggressive to learn, comprehend what you’ve learned and apply. While this opportunity exist, I have overheard and seen the reluctantly to grasp opportunities to avoid riding the wagon of destruction due to destructive competition in the workplace. Drive can be a good attribute or element within ourselves and can be very powerful, yet, if it’s not appropriately balanced with other components to offset destructive behaviors, we can only continue to see companies discusses for this example to rise and have major behavioral and moral conflict. It can be damaging â€Å"when one drive dominates, leading to unbalanced personal and organization outcomes† and can â€Å"lead to destructive competition, and over-stimulate of the drive to defend to paranoia† (Emelander, 2009). Nonetheless, I have worked with organizations, where the drive motives were  balanced and individuals held healthier relationships. There was a high drive to obtain higher paid positions so that you can obtain more money to spend on items to reflect your status, yet it was displayed as the main factor of shoving a foot in the door. The competition was moderate and due to the working environment, only a few individuals wanted to enter into new realms of status, as other employees worked hard as they enjoyed the bonuses due to their performance. I’ve noticed, some people have the driven within themselves to do just exemplary work because it is a part of them; it is who they are. They enjoy working in teams, can fit in any social class simply due to what they show and mirror. Not Applicable I work part-time at my mother’s cafà © on the weekends and the making and living my mother’s dream is not written by drive per se. Though, I believe that drive is an element in every theory in one fashion or another. There is no need to desire certain status groups, as we cater to all status groups, all demographical areas as we want to share an experience, but one that provides a relaxing, warming and spiritual atmosphere. In this place, it does not matter what car you or I drive, what social group you and I belong to or reasons to defend. I believe that the cafà © functions are more towards the achievement theory, which in some cases can be assumed to be a driven theory. Our pleasure is the heart of our brain. We want to provide an atmosphere where people can be a part of a family of spiritual values and though our beliefs may be different from many others, this is still the place to come and express you freely. The fear to fail is what we cause us to thrive or increase our anxiety to regroup and execute to be better. So in terms, drive is not the only factor. Conclusion Drive is a contributor trigger motivation. Drive can be either healthy or unhealthy. In my three experience and many others, I’ve witness how drive can be either destructive or successful. I learned as well that drive rest alive in many theories available. We are driven to act according to fulfilling our needs and wants. However, it is based on how you motivate yourself because if you cannot motivate yourself how else are you going to  succeed or even motivate others around. References Emelander, S. (2009) The Four Drive Theory in the Workplace. Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/the-four-drive-theory-in-the-workplace-1650121.html Reeve, J. (2009) Understanding motivation and emotions. Week One supplements. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PSY320-Human Motivation.

Calvetta Essay

4. How, if at all, should Calveta’s organization structure and practices be changed to accommodate growth and effective communication, while maintaining the company’s culture? This is a very sticky issue. Growth, along with other factors, seems to have diminishing effects on company culture, popularly referred to as â€Å"Antonio’s way†. Two forms of growth present themselves to the company. They can either expand into the hospital segment (which falls in line with core competencies); or they could buy up GSD consequently growing their SLF customer base. Given the issues listed, I don’t believe purchasing GSD would be profitable, as debt financing would have to be undertaken thus, going against Antonio’s way. However, Frank believes they must grow in order to stay competitive within the industry so the former opportunity should be undertaken. The turnover, and promotion rate for Calveta is too rapid. It’s one of the major issues dissatisfied customers had with the SLF. Frank should consider slowing this down, and perhaps placing new staff members in proper training programs administered by current staff to ensure smooth staff changes. Whilst flexibility and ease of advancement may make the employees happier, the customers will suffer from the constant interrupted changes. Calveta should maintain a degree of normalcy in the workplace, and make it harder to advance (could have positive affects on employees motivation). Another structural issue is the current staff organization. If Frank is worried about the loss of emphasis on his father’s ideals he must communicate this effectively with the staff. Discussion groups, incentive packages, and achievable goals should be established for all staff members, especially new ones, so that company culture is maintained and reinforced. If Calveta are to grow, they will need a larger amount of regional employees. This will most likely lead to the hiring of persons outside of the company. Calveta need not hire them right out of college though. They may obtain them from similar companies with similar values and ideals. As GSD is about to be taken over, perhaps the better staff members may wish to come to Calveta  instead of staying on with a new owner. To ensure continuation of company culture pointed questions in the interview and recruitment process pertaining to it should be asked. Similarly, constant feedback for current employees would reinforce challenge 4, of Antonio’s way.

Adolf Hitler and Japanese Canadians War

WWII ESSAY TOPICS Please Note: You need to form an historical research question for your topic. The answer to your question is your thesis statement 1. How and why was Germany allowed to annex Austria and the Sudetenland? Was there any justification for Britain and France’s policy of appeasement? 2. Discuss the role that Italy played in World War II. How did the nation become involved in the conflict? How did its participation affect the direction of the war and Germany’s fortunes? 3. Discuss the issues surrounding the United States’ decision to use atomic bombs against Japan.What motives were behind this action, and what arguments have been made against it? 4. Explain how the situation in Europe immediately following the fall of Germany led directly to the Cold War. In your opinion, should the Western Allies have acted to oppose Soviet domination of Eastern Europe? 5. Consider the role of technology during World War II. Did it fundamentally affect the outcome of the war? If so, how? If not, why not? 6. Compare the roles of Germany and Japan during World War II. Generally speaking, were their aggressions fundamentally similar or fundamentally different? . Explain Germany’s mistakes in Russia and the ways in which they affected the outcome of the war. 8. Why did the British government give in to German demands regarding Czechoslovakia in 1938, but took a relatively firmer stand over Poland in 1939? 9. Compare Soviet and British policies toward Poland between 1943 and 1945, focusing on both aims and outcomes. 10. Did the nature of German rearmament between 1935 and 1939 support the view that Hitler was planning for a Blitzkrieg war? 11. Asses and explain whether the internment of Japanese Canadians justified during World War Two? 2. Discuss the major differences between how the allies treated Germany after World War Two with World War One and how it may have been better. 13. Compare the strategic significance of the Battle of Stalingra d and the Battle of Britain. 14. Discuss Blittzkrieg and the importance of this tactic during World War Two. 15. Assess and explain the role of women during WWII and compare them to WWI. 16. The Second World War had consequences for European society and the world at large that were every bit as profound as the changes wrought by World War I.Assess these consequences as they became evident in 1945 as the war ended as well as for the years following from the standpoint of physical losses (casualties, refugees, infrastructure, etc. ) as well as the political and territorial settlements in Europe and the world at large. 17. To what extent were the German’s people responsible for Hitler/ Holocaust. 18. Compare WWI to WWII, identifying similarities in the causes, development, and outcomes of the wars. Other topics to consider Appeasement (WLM King) IsolationismThe Treaty of Versailles The League of Nations (failure of) Dieppe D-Day (Juno Beach) Liberation of Holland Dunkirk (evacua tion of) Battle of Britain Battle of the Atlantic Role of Technology / Canadian war production Anti-Semitism in Canada Internment of Japanese Canadians War on the homefront – War production / Changing role of women TOPIC LIST Blitzkreig The Battle of the Atlantic Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service (Wrens) Lebensraum The Brtsh Commonwealth Air Training Plan Canadian Women’s Auxiliary AirforceOccupation of the Rhineland Camp X The Munich Pact Cdn Women’s Army Corps D-Day The Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact The Battle for Normandy Canadian War Brides Dunkirk Treaty of Versailles The Royal Cdn Air Force Wm. L. Mackenzie King War on the Homefront War Propaganda The Home Front General Guy Simonds Canada and the Italian Campaign Conscription The Scheldt Estuary The Internment of Japanese Canadians Liberation of the Netherlands Canada and Hong Kong Juno Beach The Battle of the Atlantic VE Day Dieppe Verrieres Ridge

Short answer questions about an economic article Essay

Short answer questions about an economic article - Essay Example Housing craze bubble occurred due to Goldman’s by reducing the standards of underwriting mortgages rates. They were able to trick pension schemes funds and insurance into buying into their idea. The mortgage package they offered had hidden irregularities meant to exploit the investors. Many rushed into investing thus creating a large real estate whose investment were being speculated by Goldman. Eventually, the housing bubble crumbled and investors were fleeced of their investment (Higgins 89). $4 a Gallon bubble came into being when Goldman influenced large investment companies to invest in the speculative oil market. When the world market prices declined, Goldman’s investors lost billions of investment. However, it was instrumental in manipulating pump prices rise to $4 a gallon thus continually robbing from the public. In the Rigging the Bailout bubble, Goldman’s caused the collapse of insurance and investment giants like AIG who remained deeply indebted to them. When the government chipped into bailout them, Goldman had to be paid fully despite them being behind the investment and insurer downfall. Global warming bubble occurred when Goldman covered up their bad deeds in the name of environmental conservation plan advocating for a bill that will limit carbon emission. Thus, they will trick companies into managing finances meant to reduce these emotions (Higgins 112). Goldman used its political influence to win over lucrative initial public offer deals. Its activities included bribery of executives of other investment institutions in order to be awarded future underwriting deals. Their top executives participated in a long-term greedy behaviour. They also manipulated the prices of shares to gain bonuses at the expense of its investors. Goldman’s behaviour led to shareholders and investors launching several lawsuits and it walked scot-free after manipulating the prosecution by paying a $60 million which is a small

Supply Chain Management in Sports Obermeyer Case Study

Supply Chain Management in Sports Obermeyer - Case Study Example Given the ten styles of Women's Parkas, I recommend that Wally focuses on the three women's styles which are within one standard deviation from the mean of the normal distribution based on the individual sales forecasts of the Sample Buying Committee as shown in Exhibit 10. These styles are the Electra, the Daphne, and the Assault. About 68% of the population of the normal distribution are within one standard deviation from the mean. Wally can ask China to produce 10,000 units of any of these three styles only. Another option would be for him to choose to produce only one style for the China operations which requires a minimum order of l0,000 units. He can ask the marketing staff to do check the actual demand and to revise the sales forecasts of the three chosen styles. The style with the highest sales forecast will be prioritized for production in China. The two other women's styles can be produced in HK if they have lower sales forecasts. Given that the other styles are within 2 standard deviations from the mean of the normal distribution of the average sales forecasts, I will not recommend Wally to order 10,000 units of these women's styles: Call, Isis, Entice, Teri, Seduced, Stephanie and Anita. The choice of the three styles is a logical one because the individual forecasts already assume the level of the previous year's sales of the women's parkas. In order for forecasts to be reliable, they have to be based on the sales of previous years. If Wally chooses any of the seven other women's styles, then that would not be efficient since those styles already constitute within two standard deviations of the mean. There is a higher probability that he will be choosing the styles which would be harder to dispose of in the retail stores.

Marketin Mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Marketin Mix - Essay Example Referring to the process of evolving new products, it is closely associated with market development (Boone and Kurtz 2002). The concept of a product defines uniqueness nature and qualities of goods proposed to the market. Decisions in this area determine the products to be produced and stocked, as well as details concerning their appearance, form, size, package, quantities, timing of production, price lines, and anticipated market segments. Product combines the function of analyzing, classifying, and organizing information into commercially feasible new products, and the marketers function of assessing unsatisfied wants and needs and identifying profitable market opportunities. Usually this activity necessitates compromise among the engineering, production, marketing, and accounting departments. For instance, the high specifications stressed by engineering may push costs above market acceptance. Effective product development adopts a critical but positive posture. Management cannot be satisfied with current products, regardless of how good they are. Such an attitude and expression of expectations achieve an even better match of corporate offerings with consumer expectations (Lim and Rusetski 2006). The role of the sales force should be geared to company and marketing department objectives. The starting point of the sales program is company goals. Volume, profit, industry, territory, product, image, and rateof-return goals influence the direction and scope of sales activities. The practical range of sales alternatives for a company may vary from the companys own sales force, to the use of a variety of wholesalers including sales agents and manufacturers agents, to the elimination of salesmen by such techniques as mail order. Procedures for selecting salesmen vary from simple informal interviews to interviewing committees aided by batteries of psychological tests (Boone and Kurtz 2002). Price is accorded

Textual Commentary on Black Souls in White Skins in I Write What I Literature review

Textual Commentary on Black Souls in White Skins in I Write What I Like by Steve Biko - Literature review Example Biko’s philosophical message corresponds with black theology as it was heavily themed with encouraging Blacks to depend on themselves rather than White liberals to successfully fight apartheid.3 In this regard, liberalism in the context of apartheid, South Africa refers to advocates for freedom from coercion, discrimination and oppression and equal access to political, social, educational, health and economic opportunities.4 Kee argues that Black Consciousness’s philosophy was founded on Black theology which proposes that God will not solve our problems.5 Biko’s Black Souls in White Skins embodies the concept of self-help as captured by the Black Consciousness Movement and black theology which is a Christian expression and rejection of oppression as experienced by Blacks.6 From Biko’s perspective, White liberalism could not capture this experience and in attempting to do so, White liberals perpetuated the notion that Whites were superior to Blacks and coul d speak for and on behalf of Blacks.7 Initially President of the South Africa Student Organization (SASO) the movement that organized the Black Consciousness Movement, Biko subsequently became SASO’s Publications’ chairman. The SASO organized programmes which involved training and studies in a number of subjects such as economics, theology, poetry, aesthetics, culture and politics. The programmes resulted in publications which included Biko’s column, I Write What I Like published under Frank Talk and appeared in SASO’s Newsletter in 1970.8 Black Souls in White Skins was Biko’s first article in his column I Write What I Like.9 Black Souls is a parody of French writer Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin White Masks. Where Fanon challenged the utility and authenticity of Blacks identifying with Whites, Biko challenged the utility and authenticity of Whites identifying with Blacks.10 As was characteristic of the Black Consciousness Movement, Biko’s Black Souls targeted the motives of the White liberals whom he called â€Å"people who say that they have black souls wrapped up in white skins.†11 Biko questioned the authenticity of their claim that they sympathized with the â€Å"black struggles† against apartheid.12 In challenging this claim, Biko immediately draws attention to fact that it is questionable whether or not White liberals can speak as an authority for Blacks and what bothers him even more is that Black people have enabled White liberals by actually believing them â€Å"for so long†.13 Biko’s Black Souls reads as a rejection of White liberal â€Å"patronage† in that Biko took exception to the idea that Whites could pass judgement on who qualified as worthy Blacks and what could be good for worthy Blacks. Biko observed that the White liberals lead a campaign that was entirely artificial in nature in that it merely forecasted a convenient type of integration that favoured White supr emacy under apartheid. According to Biko, the White liberals’ efforts were marked by artificial integration which White organizations dominated and ended up with â€Å"Whites doing all the talking and the blacks listening.†14 Biko’s Black Souls therefore adopts Black theological thinking in that he expresses the view that Blacks are also complicit in their oppression and that it is a sin to sit back and accept the situations on the premise that Blacks are innocent victims of apartheid. Black theology takes the position

What is a Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is a Woman - Essay Example Kant described a woman in terms of everything beautiful in this world. He believed that they contain chief ground for the contrast between the beautiful and noble qualities in human nature. He also believed that females have the ability to refine the males. In my opinion, human generation advanced a lot from the Kant era and if Kant lived in the twenty-first century, he would have definitely changed some of his opinions. Females have no hesitation in doing evil acts now. Former Indian Prime Minister Mrs. Gandhi was even dared to declare an emergency in the country in order to silence her critics and to suppress the rights of the people. Many of the evil acts in this world at present are performed by the males because of the persuasion of the females. If we cannot define a woman in terms of female qualities or behaviors, then we have only one option left; define the woman in terms of their genetic differences. Simon de Beauvoir argued that â€Å"if today femininity no longer exists, then it never existed† (Beauvoir, p.87). In other words, Simon de Beauvoir believes that femininity has not changed over the years. Simon de Beauvoir’s opinions are right only if we define femininity in terms of physical attributes. It is a fact that the physical characteristics of woman have not been changed over the years. However, the same thing cannot be said about the mental characteristics or qualities of females as described by Immanuel Kant. The modern woman has no hesitation in doing everything just like their male counterparts. ... Many of the evil acts in this world at present are performed by the males because of the persuasion of the females. If we cannot define a woman in terms of female qualities or behaviours, then we have only one option left; define the woman in terms of their genetic differences. Simon de Beauvoir argued that â€Å"if today femininity no longer exists, then it never existed† (Beauvoir, p.87). In other words, Simon de Beauvoir believes that femininity has not changed over the years. Simon de Beauvoir’s opinions are right only if we define femininity in terms of physical attributes. It is a fact that the physical characteristics of woman have not been changed over the years. However, same thing cannot be said about the mental characteristics or qualities of females as described by Immanuel Kant. Modern woman has no hesitation in doing everything just like their male counterparts. In fact they are arguing for equality in every respect and they see not differences in abilitie s of mental characteristics of males and females. They are no longer the entities which look only the beautiful side of life. Current woman are actively participating in most of the male dominant professions. Even in militaries of many countries, women play a vital role in wars and other military functions. Many of the biggest organizations in the world have women CEO’s at present. PepsiCo is one best example. In short, current women argue for equality with males in every respect and they succeeded in achieving it up to certain extent. Under such circumstances, femininity lost its meanings in the modern society. In short, if femininity or woman is defined in terms of genetic differences (ovaries and uterus), we can safely conclude that

DB 4 Management and Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

DB 4 Management and Leadership - Research Paper Example In the case of an internet retailer that involves a lot of inventive technology, and organizational flexibility, I would draw on the mission of the organization, as this would allow me work with what to expect in the future, and what the employees must strive to portray in the long run. Working on the mission statement allows the organization function outside the existing boundaries, and instill more creativity among the employees. I will also be very positive and inspiring to my employees, as this is the only way that the cycle of goals, objectives and strategies will be complete (Cawsey, Deszca & Ingols, 2011: 121). Working with the sub-units in the retail organization would allow me devise a change process. Cawsey, Deszca & Ingols (2011: 121) argue that working with sub-sections allows for generation of emotional vigor, commitment, and clear direction of the ideal future of the internet retailer. Since an entry and consistency in the internet retail market requires that the change agents- leaders- dream big, I will endeavor to come up with exciting, concise and challenging visions. In this case, I will have energized and mobilized employees to undertake initiatives that will lead to the internet retailer one of the best shops in existence (Cawsey, Deszca & Ingols, 2011: 121). My mission statement will be, ‘†¦by offering quality services, we motivate and encourage our employees to continually offer the best to our clients...’ With this, I will have created a dream on the ideal future of the organization; thus, dictate the same shape of ideas to the attainment of the organization’s aims and objectives. Vision, therefore, is the basis of a stronger, better and a unique organization (Cawsey, Deszca & Ingols, 2011: 121).A change leader must always come up with a vision and a team that will be useful in the implementation of the

In what ways did World War II end the problems of World War I Essay Example for Free

In what ways did World War II end the problems of World War I Essay In the days prior to World War Two, the First World War was referred to as â€Å"the War to end all Wars†. (Devine, 14) Despite this name, only twenty-odd years had passed before the nations of the world once again engaged in armed conflict. The treaty of Versailles and the conditions in Europe precipitated a second large-scale conflict in Europe. (Devine, 16) The conclusion of WWII ended the problems that derived from WWI by ending the Fascist dictatorships of Europe, ending European and Asian imperialism, and shifting military power out of Europe. The Treaty of Versailles created tremendous pressure on Germany, Austria-Hungary, and other nations who bore the blame for the conflict. (Morgan, 18) The economic depression in these nations that resulted from their attempts to pay reparations led to a political climate ripe for the rise of Fascism. (Morgan, 27) The people of nations such as Italy, Germany and Spain were willing to embrace this hyper-nationalist form of government, giving up their freedoms in exchange for the promise of better economic conditions and a return of their respective nations to international prominence. Morgan, 30) The rise of hyper-nationalism in Fascist Germany and Italy was one of the precipitating causes of the Second World War in Europe. Hitler’s Germany began to militarize and â€Å"reclaim† areas of Europe that Hitler declared to be part of the rightful German empire. (Morgan, 108) These regions included all of Austria, and part of the nation of Czechoslovakia, referred to by Hitler a s the Sudetenland (southland). When Germany invaded Poland to return the land to Germany, France and Britain declared war. The results of WWII ended the reign of fascism in Europe. ( Morgan, 117) The personalities around whom the fascist governments were built, Hitler in Germany, and Mussolini in Italy, were killed in the war effort, and their philosophies discredited when the atrocities they committed became public knowledge. (Morgan, 197) Of the Fascists of Europe, only Francisco Franco of Spain, which had remained neutral in the war, survived. (Morgan, 201) After WWII, Germany was divided into a Soviet-controlled Eastern half, and a Republican western half. Nationalist efforts were turned to reunification, rather than conquest. (Morgan, 203) The destruction of the German War machine was absolute, eliminating them as a future threat to stability in Europe. (Morgan, 205) Italy and Japan were similarly disarmed at the conclusion of WWII, making future threats to world stability from these powers unlikely in the extreme. (Morgan, 206) The end of WWII also marked the end of the naked Imperialism that characterized all the major European nations since WWI. Betts, 113) Britain, France, Germany, Japan and other nations granted independence, or protectorate status to their imperial holdings, making self-sovereignty the â€Å"new† goal of international foreign policy. (Betts, 127) Japan was forced to give up the Pacific Islands they had occupied, and withdraw their invasion of China. (Betts, 128) Germany similarly ceded their occupied territories and permitted free choice for the subsequent governments. Betts, 133) One of the world powers that emerged from WWII, the United States, embraced self-determination as the ideal for nations of the world, and began to fight against efforts to engage in imperialist activities on the parts of other nations. (Betts, 144) The conclusion of WWII marked a shift in the dynamic of world conflict. (Levering, 18) During WWI and WWII, dominance on the seas determined a large part of military control. After WWII, nations who had access to weapons of mass destruction became the powers of the World. Levering, 22) For the first time in modern history, the central conflict of the world was not between Britain and Germany or France, but between the United States and the Soviet Union. European powers became pawns in a worldwide power struggle between opposing ideologies. (Levering, 27) The United States used war reconstruction money as a lure to the nations of Europe to shun Communism in favor of republican government. (Levering, 34) After WWII, armed conflict was limited to third-party wars w here one side or the other effectively acted as a proxy for one of the Superpowers. Levering, 46) This was managed to avoid direct conflict between the Superpowers, which could have led to destruction of the entire world through nuclear annihilation. (Levering, 55) As a result, dozens of minor conflicts and a handful of major wars were fought after WWII by indigenous people with military and economic support from the USSR and the United States. (Levering, 58) This scenario played out in countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, Afghanistan, and many others. (Levering, 75) It is clear that the effects of WWII resolved many of the issues that resulted from WWI. WWII ended European Fascism, eliminated European and Asian imperialism, and permanently shifted the balance of World Power away from Europe. The Treaty of Versailles produced conditions in Europe that made Fascism an attractive and popular option, which played a great role in precipitating WWII. As a result of the unresolved issues of WWI, WWII became the latest â€Å"war to end all wars†. It is hoped by the nations of the world that conflict on the scale of WWII never be repeated in the history of mankind.

Remarks On 40th Anniversary Of D Day

Remarks On 40th Anniversary Of D Day Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day by Ronald Reagan delivered in Normandy is a sample of a effective and persuading speech, where the speaker uses different stylistic devices to increase the impact of his words and speech on the audience. As the matter of fact, the speech focuses on the historical events related to World War II but Ronald Reagan attempts to intertwine the historical events of the past with the present moment. Moreover, he shows the close link between the past heroic deeds of Americans and the need to unite efforts of all democratic countries in the new struggle against their common enemy. In general, the speech is quite successful due to the use of various stylistic devices, logical and emotional presentation of key ideas and the appeal to the authority, such God, which makes the speech closer to minds and souls of the audience and make people feel sympathetic and follow the lead of Ronald Reagan. In actuality, the speech Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day opens with the reference of the author to the past and to the heroic struggle of American and European soldiers against their common enemy the Nazi regime in Germany, which spread its influence all over Europe and threatened to the freedom of the US as well: We stand on a lonely, windswept point on the northern shore of France. The air is soft, but forty years ago at this moment, the air was dense with smoke and the cries of men, and the air was filled with the crack of rifle fire and the roar of cannon. (Reagan). In such a way, the author uses the contrast between the present calmness of the place and the past heroic struggle and turbulent events that accompanied the D-Day in 1944. Actually, Ronal Reagan shows that the past was full of tragic events and the D-Day has changed the calm environment of Normandy and its quiet and powerful nature. The D-day is depicted as something abnormal, as a challenge to the nature and as an attempt of Americans and their allies to restore the natural order, when democratic nations united their efforts in the struggle against Nazi Germany, which threatened to their freedom and fundamental values. The use of contrast by Ronald Reagan has a profound impact on the audience because it is obvious that the audience can be shocked by the present calmness of the place and the past turbulent events, which cost thousands of lives to Americans and their allies. In such a way, Ronald Reagan engages the audience with the help of the contrast. At the same time, he attempts to strengthen the impression from his speech on the audience and to increase its persuasive power by appealing to the authority. IN this regard, Ronald Reagan abundantly refers to God as the highest authority and it is according to Gods will he attempts to act and to appeal to the authority of God, who, as Ronald Reagan attempts to show, defined the outcome of the war and justified actions of Americans and their allies in the course of World War II and does so in the present time. IN fact, he attempts to show that all actions and events are ruled by God: This world He created is of moral design. Grief and tragedy and hatred are only for a time. Goodness, remembrance and love have no end, and the Lord of life holds all who die and all who mourn (Reagan). Such an appeal to the authority of God helps Ronald Reagan to gain attention of the audience and to show that what he is saying is not just his own ideas and beliefs but what he says is grounded on his fi rm belief in God and His will and power to determine the life of people and guide people to the virtuous and good life. In such a context, Ronald Reagan derives from material values and draws the attention of the audience to fundamental spiritual values: As weve been assured, neither death nor life nor angels nor principalities, nor powers nor things present nor things to come nor height nor depth can separate us from Gods love. May He bless the souls of the departed. May He comfort our own. And may He always guide our country (Reagan). This is another manifestation of the appeal to the authority, which shows that people should not focus on their material life but there are more important values. At the same time, along with the appeal to authority and the use of contrast and other stylistic devices, Ronald Reagan develops his speech logically and reasonably but often he refers to emotions and moral values of the audience. In this regard, it is possible to trace the effective and systematic use of pathos in the speech of Ronald Reagan. For instance, her refers to the veterans of World War II as follows: These are the men who took the cliffs. These are the champions who helped free a continent. And these are the heroes who helped end a war (Reagan). Obviously, the use of pathos contributes to the persuasion of the audience because it evokes basic moral values in the audience, such as the respect to the elder generation and to veterans of World War II, who were true heroes and Reagan stresses their heroic struggle and deeds, which cost so many lives for the US and its allies. In addition, Ronald Reagan appeals to emotions of the audience and feelings of veterans as well as other people listening to his speech. In this regard, it is possible to refer to the story of Bill Millin of the 51st Highlanders. In fact, this story is the manifestation of ethos in Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day, which Ronald Reagan uses to evoke strong emotions in the audience. While evoking strong emotions in the audience, the speaker can direct listeners and persuade them in his righteousness. At any rate, when the audience is emotionally affected, people readily accept the message of the speaker without even thinking about what he is actually saying. In such a context, the regular reference to the past are particularly effective in the course of the speech: Yet you risked everything here. Why? Why did you do it? What impelled you to put aside the instinct for self-preservation and risk your lives to take these cliffs? What inspired all the men of the armies that met here? We look at you, and somehow we know the answer. It was faith and belief. It was loyalty and love (Reagan). Obviously, such use of ethos can hardly keep the audience, especially veterans of World War II, indifferent to what Reagan is saying. In stark contrast, such reference to the past and emotions of the audience make people follow the lead of Ronald Reagan. People start thinking over questions the speaker poses and they can hardly think clearly over these questions because Ronald Reagan provides immediately the answer to the questions he poses. Thus, he provides the audience with the answer giving them practically no time to consider over possible alternative answers to the questions. Furthermore, Ronald Reagan uses ethos to strengthen the heroism of American soldiers and allies in World War II: They are the names of people who faced death and in their last moments called home to say, be brave and I love you (Reagan). At the same time, this sample of ethos shows the effective way in which Reagan has linked closely the tragic events that took place in Europe and sufferings of people in the US. Thus, he revealed the fact that World War II was the tragedy for all people all over the world. However, Ronald Regan steadily and logically leads to the audience from the past to the present time. In this regard, he uses logos to make his speech reasonable and persuading: Were bound today by what bound us 40 years ago, the same loyalties, traditions, and beliefs. Were bound by reality. The strength of Americas allies is vital to the United States, and the American security guarantee is essential to the continued freedom of Europes democracies. We were with you then; were with you now. Your hopes are our hopes, and your destiny is our destiny (Reagan). At this point, Ronald Reagan uses logos to draw attention of the public to the current problems the US, all Americans and democratic people face. In fact, he uses the events of the D-Day that occurred forty years ago as the background to the present threats to the democracy and the US and its allies. He uses skillfully logos to show that threats of the past persist and today Americans still face numerous problems and threats, whi ch can put under a threat their freedom and fundamental values. In such a way, he logically concludes that Americans and their allies should unite their efforts in the struggle against new threats that emerge in the contemporary world. Moreover, in the end of his speech he refers again to the authority of God to complete his speech and back it up with the authority of God. Thus, Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day is a persuasive and effective speech delivered by Ronald Reagan in 1984. The speech has proved to be quite successful due to the skillful use of stylistic devices, logos, ethos and pathos. Ronald Reagan has managed to show the heroic deeds of Americans and their allies in the past and, what is more, he has managed to intertwine those deeds and past threats with the present situation to show that threats persisted and Americans should be aware of existing threats to their freedom and traditional values. In such a way, the speech Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day is the sample of the logical and emotionally strong speech that persuades the audience.